Great Depression's deceptive intellectual legacy


●William Easterly, “Development Doesn't Require Big Government”(Wall Street Journal, October 3, 2008)

Financial meltdown will not cause the U.S. to abandon democratic capitalism, but the outcome is less clear for countries deciding whether capitalism is the best system. In many of these countries the choice is not between light and heavy financial regulation, but between relying on creative individuals or government planners to escape poverty.

We have been here before. Development economics -- the study of how poor countries can become rich -- was forever cursed by the timing of its birth after the Great Depression. That gave development economics a bias toward relying on governments, rather than markets, to create growth. The early development economists ignored a century and a half of European and North American development through individual enterprise, remembering only that their governments forcefully intervened to stimulate output during the 1930s.

But we do know that the free market has a long-run track record of creating prosperity -- even with the occasional crash. The Depression's deceptive intellectual legacy is that development flows from all-knowing states rather than creative individuals. Here's hoping that the backlash to today's crash will not spawn another round of bad economics for the poor.


大不況(Great Depression)が開発経済学(Development economics)に与えた望ましからぬ(?)知的影響―大不況の経験が自由な市場経済に対する懐疑的な心性を生み出し、大不況の経験から開発戦略における大きな政府(state)の役割が教訓として引き出されたこと―を回顧した上で、今般の金融危機が今後の途上国経済の開発戦略に大不況と同じような知的影響を及ぼさないよう望む、とイースタリー。しかし、金融危機を目にした途上国政府のトップの口々から発せられる以下のような発言、

Some countries are already taking the wrong prescriptions from recent events. Honduran President Manuel Zelaya told the U.N. General Assembly last month that the lesson of the crash was "the market's laws were demonic, satisfying only the few." Paraguayan President Fernando Lugo said the "market mechanism" and "immoral speculation" were a mistake. Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva Lula added that speculators have "spawned the anguish of entire peoples" and Brazilians needed "indispensable interventions by state authorities."

「市場法則は悪魔的であり、自由な市場経済はごく一握りの人間を満足させるに過ぎない」(ホンジュラスのホセ・マヌエル・セラヤ大統領)、「市場メカニズムや反道徳的な投機は間違いだ」(パラグアイのフェルナンド・ルゴ大統領)、「投機家たちは罪なき一般の人々に多大なる苦しみを負わせている。一般の人々の生活を投機家の活動から守るためにも政府介入は避けられない」(ブラジルのルイス・イグナシオ・ルラ・ダ・シルヴァ大統領)*1を目にすると、すでに危険な兆候が・・・。
イースタリーのこの憂慮・警告がかつてのHerbert Frankelの抵抗(当時の開発経済学の潮流に反して個々の企業家の問題解決能力・創造性に信頼を置いた)と同じ運命を辿らない(=無視されない)よう祈りたいところである。 


(追記)「大不況がその後の経済学に与えた知的影響」という話題をどこかで読んだことあるような気がしたんだけども、かつて本ブログ(はてなじゃなくてココログ時代に)で取り上げたデロングの論考がそれにあたるのであった。デロングの場合は大不況がマクロ経済学(あるいはマクロ安定化政策)に与えた知的影響という話だけども。

*1:ちょっと味付けして訳してます。